The ‘local turn’ in migration studies has shifted attention on migration-related diversity to the urban level of analysis (Zapata-Barrero et al., 2017). A thorough classification, we argue, is necessary to have a more differentiated view of the existing urban diversities and go beyond one-size-fits-all solutions for urban governance of migration-related diversity. Subsequently, we develop a better qualitative understanding of these clusters by examining typical cities, their economic positioning, migration history, their policy and political structures, as well as their social and geographical position. Five empirical clusters of cities of migration are found: superdiverse cities, migrant minority cities, new diversity cities, low-migration cities and non-diverse cities.
Applying quantitative classification methods to European cities in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Italy, we search for a new meaningful classification of the urban diversity configurations based on measures of volume, variety and spread of migration-related diversity. This paper takes a systematic inductive approach to map the diversity of migration-related diversities in urban setting and understand the reasons behind such variations. This is partly because most studies look only at one kind of city, in particular, superdiverse global cities. Our understanding of how and why cities differ is lagging behind the wealth of existing conceptualisations. The local turn in migration studies has shown that migration-related diversity may take varied forms in different cities. This paper provides an empirical classification of migration-related diversities in 166 European cities.
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